Technology in Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technology in Policing - Essay Example First, crime on the net is on the rise, identity theft is another issue of high importance, which is the key tool in fighting terrorism and financial crimes. Thus crime prevention can occur at two levels: one to prevent crimes that are repeating in nature and the other is by analyzing possible future seat of crime. Thus, through analysis and research of recorded crimes and criminal investigations it is possible to get some statistics into the kind of future prospect of how this kind of crime will be dealt in the future by the judicial system or by the police. In case of Internet crimes; therefore, repeated crimes may not always occur as there are always some ingenious method by which the criminal escapes the law - this gap is to be identified as art of the risk management study, which should be more extensive and which should focus more on how the malpractice defenses may be made stronger. In March 2008, a former employee of Compass Bank stole a hard drive and the database containing customer information and all their financial status was breached. This employee used a credit card encoder and several blank cards to create several new cards and withdraw money from several customer accounts1. What are the monitoring approaches that can be fathomed by the state and the court or by the security organization In 2007, the US Federal Trade Commission reported that 8.3 million Americans had been victims of identity theft over a 12-month period2. In cyberspace, such identity theft may make way for further offences. Like Newburn says that in cyberspace three acts of trespassing occur, that involve viruses that immediately attack or attack at a later date citing the example of the shut-down of websites of yahoo, Amazon, ebay, and CNN which incurred a loss of 1.2 billion. He also cites the example of the Timothy Llyod, the sacked employee of Omega Engineering who planted a softwa re time bomb that detonated 20 days after he left which incurred a loss of 10 million and 80 job losses. In 2007 transatlantic fashion retailer TK Maxx was hit by hackers, who stole 45.7 million customer credit card details (Newburn 2008). By this hacking rule, even the military system is under threat and policing or the crime fighting should extend in this front effectively. However, the main problem with policing cyber crime is the amount and volume of information that is available and that cannot be restricted effectively all the time and across the boundaries of a specific place, where cyber crime laws may not even exist. In such a case probable cyber crime laws need to be implemented by predicting probable loss of information security or theft of anything that can range from information to intellectual property rights to manhandling of organizational data or system by a third party. The whole gray space that exists between identifying cyber crime that vary between countries and the definitions of it are so varied across geographical spaces that it is impossible to always thwart such mischief from happening or being conducted from across the boundary of the US. Newburn also cites the example of Russia, which has become a major source of child pornography, as it has no laws against it and therefore becoming the host for broadcasting such films by other illegal traders. Ironically, such content is not being produced there

National Economic Policy macroeconomic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

National Economic Policy macroeconomic - Essay Example This increase in money supply will lead to an increase in output, income and employment. This will be  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   caused by  Ã‚  Ã‚   the fall in interest rate which occurs after the LM curve shifts to the right (Young & Zilberfarb, 2000), as reflected in the IS-LM curve below. It is worth noting that if money supply is increased, while interest rate is held constant, a higher level of income is needed to ensure  Ã‚  Ã‚   that there is a corresponding demand level for money to the supply. This as mentioned earlier moves the LM curve to the right. The increased income and constant  interest rate where the money demand and supply equal each other is seen at the far right of the curve. In case the inflation rate at one point of constant interest rate makes holding money costly, thus few decide to hold it. This calls for rising of income at a certain real interest rate in the universe so as to put the needed money to be held thus maintaining the economic equilibrium , which can be traced to the right of the IS-LM curve (Carlberg, 2000). The components of GDP will be affected as a result of applying this policy. First of all, the aggregate demand will increase. This increase in demand refers to the increase in the number of goods required by consumers in the economy. This is usually a very good thing for triggering an increase in output in the economy. Especially in the short run, this usually raises the production of the economy which is very desirable. This policy will also have a negative effect on employment. One of the reasons for the increased unemployment is the fact that producers react to the high demand by government thus taking production to a higher level. The increase in production demands that  labor increases. The people who are hired earn money thus are able to spend in larger amounts than when unemployed. Question Two   Expansionary fiscal policy A variety of fiscal policies which leads to a rise in government spending, a sh rink in taxes, or a swell in transfer payments is applied to counter the mishaps of economy contraction. The objective of expansionary fiscal policy is to bridge a recessionary gap, ignite the economy, and reduce the unemployment level. Expansionary fiscal policy is sometimes backed by expansionary monetary policy. Taxation Taxation is the major fiscal policy tool that works quickly to correct an ailing economy. Basically individual income taxes levied by the state; however other taxes are also applicable. Taxes are the spontaneous levies that the government charges on the entire the economy to create the proceeds required to provide basic goods and services and to facilitate other state functions. Personal income levies are precisely the taxes gotten from the earnings received by individuals in each house hold. Expansionary fiscal policy works by either a decline of the income tax levies or an instant rebate of levies previously collected. The decrease in taxes empowers the each ho usehold with extra per capita earnings that can be utilized for spending costs, which then ignites cumulative production and employment and translates